UNIT 3 STARTING AREA!
MicroDropbox Link (CLICK HERE)
UNIT 3: - PARASITES!
topic 1 Viroids, Satellites and Prions (video "THE BRAIN EATERS"& THE VIDEO LIST ON this page below)
topic 2 General Viruses (Herpes, Hepatitus especially Hep C advances), Human Papilloma Virus, Polio)
topic 3 HIV/AIDS
topic 4 Eukaryotic Parasites (the 5 GREAT NEGLECTED classes of parasites of mankind)
========
This Unit has 4 parts: 1)Acellular Parasites
Prions/Viroids/Satellites (see the bottom of this page),
2)Viruses-Acellular Parasites PP + Hep C below),
3)HIV/AIDS PP, and
4) our Eukaryotic Parasites (Worms/Protists). To review all the notes follow the links as assigned in class...
2)Viruses-Acellular Parasites PP + Hep C below),
3)HIV/AIDS PP, and
4) our Eukaryotic Parasites (Worms/Protists). To review all the notes follow the links as assigned in class...
The material for this ACELLULAR and EUKARYOTIC
microbiology topic may be found in the text (especially the Vocabulary) and in
the video presentations in class. Many of these parasites are such recent
discoveries that the only information available is in our videos and on this
website.
These organisms are PARASITES of HUMANS and
PLANTS. The first group are ACELLULAR or "without cells" and
include SUBSTANCES that can cause disease which are SMALLER than even
viruses... The second group are Eukaryotic Cells of the Kingdoms Animal
(Helminthic or worms) and the Protista.
The parasites we cover in class are ONLY A FEW
of the many parasites that cause human disease... please see the links below for further
parasite information...
The major video presentations include (MOST WILL
SEE ALL):
LEARN ABOUT VACCINES:
http://www.vaccineinformation.org/
"The Brain Eaters
(PRIONS)"
"A Candidate Shistosomiasis Vaccine in Brasil"
"Conquest of the Parasites - The 5 Great Neglected Diseases
of
Mankind!"
"60 Minutes - A Cure for African Sleeping Sickness -
NOT USED"
"Parasites: Eating Us Alive"
"The Body Snatchers"
The Viruses (Jonas Salk)
Southwestern Pulmonary Hataan Virus Syndrome
("Four Corners Disease)
Herpes: The Elusive Invader
Influenza
Re-emerging Viruses
*A. ACELLULAR or SUBCELLULAR Parasites (Not composed of "cells") Topic 10!
(1) VIROIDS have been known as
common plant pathogens composed of a single strand of low molecular weight RNA
with "some" double-stranded regions (see notes) of about 246-399 nucleotides making them
the SMALLEST entity of an animal or plant disease. There are MANY
economically important plant forms... these are serious plant diseases of
citrus, avocado, flowers, palms etc. Currently there is one CONFIRMED known
animalform Human Hepatitis Delta
Virus (vHDV or Hep D ; which is Hep B
co-infected with an animal Viroid). There is one other suspected animal
viroid... a type of Kidney Cancer unique to West Australia . Viroids affect
the nucleus, are transmitted by contact and do NOT code for a protein and do
not require a helper virus nor do they have capsids or envelopes.
Viroids, plant satellite viroid-like RNAs, and human hepatitis delta virus (vHDV) share a common proposed replication pattern known as a DNA-independent rolling circle mechanism. These pathogens are small, circular, single-stranded RNA species. Together, they form the ‘brotherhood’ of the smallest known auto-replicable RNAs. Since 1996. Today, more than 550 sequences are now part of this database comprising data from 29 viroid species, nine species of plant satellite viroid-like RNAs, four related species of RNA and vHDV (23 complete and 165 partial).
Viroids, plant satellite viroid-like RNAs, and human hepatitis delta virus (vHDV) share a common proposed replication pattern known as a DNA-independent rolling circle mechanism. These pathogens are small, circular, single-stranded RNA species. Together, they form the ‘brotherhood’ of the smallest known auto-replicable RNAs. Since 1996. Today, more than 550 sequences are now part of this database comprising data from 29 viroid species, nine species of plant satellite viroid-like RNAs, four related species of RNA and vHDV (23 complete and 165 partial).
Satellites are small molecules usually 500-2000 nucleotides in length; they
lack the genes required for their own replication. A satellite is a
"sub-viral agent composed of nucleic acid molecules that depends for its
reproduction on co-infection of a host cell with a helper virus". In other
words, just as a planet can have a moon orbiting it, a virus can have a
satellite orbiting it! The helper virus is unrelated to the satellite and the
satellite is not a defective helper.
There are various kinds of satellites:
A satellite is a subviral
agent composed of nucleic
acid that depends on the co-infection of
a host cell with a helper or master virus for
its multiplication. There are two kinds of Satellites:
(1) SATELLITE VIRUSES - a satellite encodes the coat protein in which its nucleic acid is encapsidated it is referred to as a Satellite Virus.
(2) SATELLITE NUCLEIC ACIDS (certain ss circular RNAs are called) VIRUSOIDS. When a satellite's helper contains the genes for the coat protein it is known as a Satellite Nucleic Acid/VIRUSOID.
(1) SATELLITE VIRUSES - a satellite encodes the coat protein in which its nucleic acid is encapsidated it is referred to as a Satellite Virus.
(2) SATELLITE NUCLEIC ACIDS (certain ss circular RNAs are called) VIRUSOIDS. When a satellite's helper contains the genes for the coat protein it is known as a Satellite Nucleic Acid/VIRUSOID.
Viruses of Viruses have also been discovered. A satellite
virus of mimivirus that
inhibits the replication of its host has been termed a virophage.[1]
A "satellite virus" is a satellite whose genome codes for the protein coat in which it is encapsulated. All known satellite viruses have a genome made of single-stranded RNA. There are only around five known kinds. A good example is the tobacco mosaic satellite virus, which goes along with the well-known tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
A "satellite nucleic acid" or VIRUSOIDS are a satellite
whose genome does not code
for a protein coat; instead, it hides in the protein coat of its virus helper!
A Virusoid is circular RNA.
A type of Single-stranded satellite nucleic
acids (RNA circular) are fascinating because they include some of the
very smallest forms entities of disease - the virusoids! These
are usually circular loops of single-stranded RNA containing about 550
nucleotides. They can only reproduce in cells that have been infected by their
helper virus, because they use some of the RNA of the helper virus to
reproduce. The helper virus is typically an RNA virus which causes a disease of
plants and consists of about 4500 nucleotides.
One might be tempted to say that a virusoid is a parasite of its helper virus. But it's not always so simple. Sometimes the helper virus is unable to reproduce unless the virusoid is present! Then we have symbiosis rather than parasitism.
The first virusoids were discovered in the early
1980s in Australia, associated with viruses causing diseases such as velvet
tobacco mottle (VTMoV), solanum nodiflorum mottle (SNMV), lucerne transient
streak (LTSV), and subterranean clover mottle (SCMoV).
An interesting theory about the origin of
virusoids is that in plants infected with both viruses and viroids,
the viroids got encapsulated in the viruses and later lost their ability to
reproduce independently.
A phylogenetic study of viroids, some plant
satellite RNAs, and the viroidlike domain of human hepatitis delta virus RNA is
currently being published. The results support a monophyletic origin of
these RNAs and are consistent with the hypothesis that they may be "living
fossils" of a precellular RNA world. Moreover, the viroidlike domain of
human hepatitis delta virus RNA appears closely related to the viroidlike
satellite RNAs of plants, with which it shares some structural and functional
properties.
=======================================================
=======================================================
SE's Spnongiform Encephalopathy History:
*(3) What are Spongiform Encephalopathies? PRION DISEASE
There are 3 main forms of Spongiform
Encephalopathy:
a) Sporadic Spongiform Encephalopathy (a very rare spontaneous natural
mutation of all mammals 1 amino acid mutation among 254 that make up the
structure of the normal brain neural protein named prp) CJD in humans 1
in 500,000/every 50 yrs and mostly over 50 years old (probably first case of Scrapie, CJD (or Kuru)
b) Genetic Spongiform Encephalopathy (rare FFI, & GSS,)
c) Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy "TSE's" (Iatrogenic?
caused by a medical procedure/blood transfusion = 2 so far)
d) Idiopathic Spongiform Encephalopathy? (no
current known cause)
Spongiform encephalopathies (SEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of rare degenerative brain disorders characterized by tiny holes that give the brain a "spongy" appearance. These holes can be seen when brain tissue is viewed under a microscope. Usually the Sporadic and Genetic forms cause less loss of brain volume and the Transmissible forms usually cause around 50% loss.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease (CJD) is the most well-known of the sporadic human SEs. It is a rare
type of dementia that affects about one in every one million people each
year. The genetic human SEs include kuru, fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS). Kuru arose originally as a
sporadic form but became transmissible form when it was identified in people
of an isolated tribe in Papua New Guinea that practiced Ritual Cannibalism,
it has now almost disappeared. FFI and GSS are extremely rare hereditary
diseases, found in just a few families around the world. A new type of
Transmissible CJD, called variant CJD (vCJD), was first described in 1996 and
has been found in Great Britain and several other European countries. The
initial symptoms of vCJD are different from those of classic CJD and the
disorder typically occurs in younger patients. Research suggests that vCJD
may have resulted from human consumption of beef from cattle with a TSE
disease called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as
"mad cow disease." Other originally Sporadic SEs found in animals
include scrapie, which affects sheep and goats; Chronic Wasting Disease,
which affects elk and deer; and Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy. It must be
noted that any Sporadic Spongiform Encephalopathy made convert to
Transmissible form through "feeding." In a few rare cases,
TSEs have occurred in other mammals such as zoo animals. These cases are
probably caused by contaminated feed as were the few new cases recently found
in North America. CJD and other TSEs also can be transmitted experimentally
to mice and other animals in the laboratory. BSE has recently been
found in a small number of cows in both Canada and the United States, human
CJDnv (vCJD or nvCJD) cases are still rare in the USA and Canada. It
should be noted that ALL meat consumed in the UK is now
"pre-tested" before sale for PRIONS.
Research
suggests that TSEs are caused by an abnormal version of a protein called
a prion (prion is short for proteinaceous infectious particle).
Prion proteins (PrPSc) occur in both a normal form (PrP), which is
a harmless protein found in the body's cells, and in an infectious form,
which causes disease. The harmless and infectious forms of the prion protein
are nearly identical, but the infectious form takes on a different folded
shape from the normal protein.
Human
TSEs can occur three ways: sporadically; as hereditary diseases; or through
transmission from infected individuals. Sporadic TSEs may develop because
some of a person's normal prions spontaneously change into the infectious
form of the protein and then alter the prions in other cells in a chain
reaction. Inherited cases arise from a change, or mutation, in the prion
protein gene that causes the prions to be shaped in an abnormal way. This
genetic change may be transmitted to an individual's offspring. Transmission
of TSEs from infected individuals is relatively rare. TSEs cannot be
transmitted through the air or through touching or most other forms of casual
contact. However, they may be transmitted through contact with infected
tissue, body fluids, or contaminated medical instruments. Normal
sterilization procedures such as boiling or irradiating materials do not
prevent transmission of TSEs super specialize autoclave techniques sometimes involving 1 N NaOH "soaking" is required and thus difficult to accomplish - most items thought possibly contaminated are incinerated... Ozone
treatment is now recommended for decontamination of Prion contaminated
materials as most other means do not work.
Symptoms
of TSEs vary, but they commonly include personality changes, psychiatric
problems such as depression, lack of coordination, and/or an unsteady gait.
Patients also may experience involuntary jerking movements called myoclonus,
unusual sensations, insomnia, confusion, or memory problems. In the later
stages of the disease, patients have severe mental impairment and lose the
ability to move or speak.
Is
there any treatment?
TSEs tend to progress rapidly and usually culminate in death over the course of a few months to a few years.
What
is the prognosis?
There is currently no treatment that can halt progression of any of the TSEs. Treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms and making the patient as comfortable as possible. A clinical trial of a potential therapy for CJD is expected to begin soon at the University of California at San Francisco.
What research is being done?
The NINDS conducts and supports research on TSEs. This research is aimed at determining how abnormal prion proteins lead to disease, at finding better tests for diagnosing CJD and other disorders, and ultimately at finding ways to treat TSEs. |
IMPORTANT TERMS to be aware of for PRION Disease...include the following (copy these one per line in your LRB for the VIDEO "The Brain Eaters:" Protein Only Hypothesis, PRION, Scrapie, , Carl Gajdsek (Nobel Prize), Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), J. S. Griffith, Prp, Renderings, Downer Cattle, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy , Mad Cow Disease, Transmissible Encephalopathies, "Rogue or Prion Prp," "Human BSE or CJDnv," Spongiform Encephalopathic Disease, Genetic or Familial Spongiform Encephalopathic Disease, Acquired and Iatrogenic Spongiform Encephalopathic Disease (Unknown source of disease) Stanley Prusiner (Nobel Prize 1997), methionine-valine relationship to susceptibility, number of amino acids in Prp & how many amino acid differences can result in Prion formation...
10 Virus Lecture NOTES:
Related SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIC Diseases:
Common
name
|
Species
|
First
recorded
|
Scrapie
|
Sheep/Goats
|
1732
|
Kuru
|
Man
|
1900
|
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(CJD)
|
Man
|
1920
|
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker
disease (GSS)
|
Man
|
1936
|
Transmissible mink
encephalopathy
|
Mink
|
1947
|
Chronic wasting disease
|
Deer/Elk
|
1967
|
Mad cow disease (BSE)
|
Cattle
|
1986
|
Feline spongiform
encephalopathy
|
Cat
|
1990
|
There are reports of isolated
instances of spongiform encephalopathies in animals kept in UK zoos. They
include a kudu, a gemsbok, an Arabian oryx, a scimitar horned oryx, an
ankole, an eland, a puma, a cheetah, and ocelot, a tiger and a nyala. These
are probably TSE's from eating BSE cows or Scapie Sheep renderings...
|
===========================================================
WE ARE EMPHASIZING 3 VIRUSES: HIV CoViD-19, & HEP C!
HIV/AIDS PP & info below: (PP may be in Midterm Notes)
HIV/AIDS History, Detection & Treatment:
Important HIV/AIDS terms and people to know for testing (record and explain):
LOOK UP AIDS DENIALISM defined
MAJOR ARGUMENTS OF DENIALISTS
Inoculating against AIDS DENIALISM
BEST Reponse - AIDS Denialists (click here)
SHORT ANSWER BW 9/10 BONUS at: aids truth.org *List & Refute at least 4 of the pseudoscientific AIDS Denialists Arguments: Click here to review this info
M. Gottlieb, Donald Francis, Robert Gallo, Paul Feorino, Bruce Voelher, Jane Getchell, "And The Band Played On" book and HBO Movie by Randy Shilts, SIV, HIV-2, LAV, ARV, HTLV-I, II, III, HIV-1, HIV-1 ELISA, HIV-1 FA, HIV-1 Western Blot, Harald Zue Hausen, Francoise Barre-Sinouseei, & Luke Montagnier - 2008 Nobel Prize, AIDS Czar, DNA dependent RNA polymerase, "RNA dependent DNA polymerase," Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Class V RNA retroviruses, BIG SHOT, AIDSVAX, antiretrovirals, macrophase, T4 Helper Cells, resting T-cells, activated T-cells, Sezary Cell Leukemia, Hairy cell Leukemia, Patient 0, Jim Curran, Safer Sex Guidelines, Hospital Sentinel Program, Brun-Vezinet, 3 drug cocktail, HAART treatment
KNOW EVERYTHING about Hep C (utube & bottom of this page )this term! ALL Eukaryotic & Acellular PARASITES HIV/AIDS (EXCLUDING bacteria):
BEGIN HERE! This is a short guide to this unit. Unit 3 is Parasites. Parasite are entities of disease that live in or on a host causing it harm. Although many bacteria are parasites, we are not covering bacteria as parasites in this unit. Further, we are not covering those parasites that live on the outside body of a host called ecto-parasites such as fleas, mange, and lice as there is a huge amount of information already. Finally as there are as many Viruses and Eukaryotic parasites as there are stars visible from Los Angeles
The order of topics changes each term, but usually we start with the smallest parasites: Viroids, Satellites (including Virusoids), and Prions (Spongiform Encephalopathies). The information for these is found toward the bottom of this page. The second topic is a specific virus of our time HIV/AIDS (see links below this paragraph) followed by General Virus PP lectures including Herpes, Human Papilloma Virus, Southwestern Pulmonary Syndrome, and Hepatitis.
The last major topic is The 5 Great Neglected Eukaryotic Parasitic Disease of Mankind (make CARDS or a studyguide for me to grade) with the 7 questions to be answer for each of the major eukaryotic parasites. The 7 questions are located at the bottom of this page.
The last major topic is The 5 Great Neglected Eukaryotic Parasitic Disease of Mankind (make CARDS or a studyguide for me to grade) with the 7 questions to be answer for each of the major eukaryotic parasites. The 7 questions are located at the bottom of this page.
Good Luck!
Why do we have viral outbreaks? see TED video on this website first page!?
Where did AIDS (Ebolla/SARS) come from see HIV/AIDS PP?
ORIGIN of HIV/AIDS - Patient "0" What is next?
HOW do we stop global pandemic virus epidemics - especially for EMERGING viral diseases?
TED video: GLOBAL VIRAL- Stopping the next PANDEMIC! (CLICK HERE)
Where did AIDS (Ebolla/SARS) come from see HIV/AIDS PP?
ORIGIN of HIV/AIDS - Patient "0" What is next?
HOW do we stop global pandemic virus epidemics - especially for EMERGING viral diseases?
TED video: GLOBAL VIRAL- Stopping the next PANDEMIC! (CLICK HERE)
Global Virus Forecasting: http://www.gvfi.org/ Find out for yourself! You may want to explain why we let this happen to your children... Publications where you can read the evidence: http://www.gvfi.org/publications.php
========================
HIV/ HEP C
HIV/HEP C UPDATE (updates): Course Description
As therapies for HIV disease have become both more accessible and better tolerated by patients, increasing attention in the “Advances in HIV and Hepatitis” series has been paid to the complications of antiviral therapy and the critical role of viral coinfections with hepatitis B and hepatitis C as they impact the outcome of HIV disease and HIV treatment. Both HIV and hepatitis represent enormous public health challenges for physicians and other healthcare providers in the United States. This Internet series has been developed to meet the educational needs of these providers.
Statement of Need
Despite repeated admonitions from US public health authorities, HIV testing is still not being consistently offered to all adults between 18 and 65 in the United States. Given the need for more widespread testing for HIV prevention, physicians require additional updates on the need to incorporate routine HIV testing into their practices. Physicians require education on the CDC’s recent call for single time testing for hepatitis C for all Americans born between 1945 and 1965. Physicians require updates on the most recent guidelines for the initiation of treatment and the preferred treatment regimens to optimize the outcome of treatment for HIV and hepatitis virus infections. Newly available agents for the treatment of hepatitis C disease have significant pharmacokinetic interactions with existing drugs for HIV treatment. Physicians require education regarding potential drug-drug interactions and the selection of antiviral regimens which can be safely used together. With the FDA approval of the first fixed-dose combination product to prevent HIV infection in previously uninfected individuals, physicians require education on the appropriate selection, education, and monitoring of candidates for pre-exposure treatment.
Educational Objectives
- Review the epidemiology of HIV disease both globally and within the United States to emphasize the burden of unrecognized HIV and its effect on ongoing HIV transmission and review current CDC recommendations for “opt out” testing for HIV.
- Review the epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the United States and discuss the most relevant diagnostic tests and populations at greatest risk for infection.
- Describe the most recent clinical trials and incorporate current treatment guidelines from governmental advisory groups and specialty societies for both HIV and hepatitis infections into practice.
- Recognize potential drug-drug interactions and construct optimal regimens for the treatment of HIV and hepatitis viral infection when present and being treated in the same patient.
- Assess HIV-negative individuals as candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection based on careful screening of candidates and utilize multi-faceted strategies to prevent HIV infection in such patients.
*HEP C info - ON YOUR NEXT TEST!
Good for People with Hepatitis C
It’s been an unusually good week for people with hepatitis C — even those for whom current treatments have failed.
Not one, but two effective new hep C treatments got a strong endorsement from an FDA advisory panel. Both drugs — Merck’s Victrelis (boceprevir) and Vertex’s telaprevir (no brand name at this writing) should soon get full FDA approval.
Right now, only about half of people who undergo hep C treatment get cured (defined as a “sustained viral response,” or hep C virus levels too low to detect). Cure rates are particularly low for people infected with the strain of the virus most common. For reasons that are not entirely clear, blacks also have lower cure rates.
Responses to treatment vary by genotype. Sustained response is about 40-50% in people with HCV genotype 1 given 48 weeks of treatment.[3] Sustained response is seen in 70-80% of people with HCV genotypes 2 and 3 with 24 weeks of treatment.[3] Sustained response is about 65% in those with genotype 4 given 48 weeks of treatment. The evidence for treatment in genotype 6 disease is currently sparse, and the evidence that exists is for 48 weeks of treatment at the same doses as are used for genotype 1 disease
About two-thirds of people are cured when either of the new drugs is added to current treatment. The telaprevir combination takes six months — half the time of current treatment — while Victrelis treatment lasts eight to 12 months.
As usual in the world of hepatitis C treatment, there are serious downsides to both drugs. The biggest downside is that people who take them still have to take the standard treatment of alpha interferon andribavirin. Taking these drugs is like having a bad case of the flu that lasts for months.
Unfortunately, the combination of standard treatment with either of the new drugs is even harder to take. Each drug adds to the anemia from the interferon/ribavirin combo. Some 40% of people taking Victrelis get so anemic they need expensive doses of the anti-anemia drug terythropoietin. And a nasty rash is a common side effect with telaprevir.
The two drugs work in essentially the same way. Both are protease inhibitors, which means they attack a hepatitis C virus (HCV) enzyme that is essential for the virus to make new copies of itself. Each of the drugs brings virus replication to a near halt.
But when used alone, HCV quickly becomes resistant to each of the new drugs. That’s why they have to be given in combination.
So which is better, Victrelis or telaprevir? The FDA panel was careful not to speculate — and don’t hold your breath for a head-to-head study. Both drug companies plan big marketing campaigns. Financial analysts currently speculate that Vertex will grab a bigger market share.
Meanwhile, people with hep C wonder when they’ll see the really big breakthrough everyone is waiting for — a drug combination that works for nearly everyone and which does not require either interferon or ribavirin.
Such treatments are in the pipeline. Some experts say they may come in as few as two or three years, while others say it will be a decade before they’re finally here. What is for sure is that telaprevir and Victrelis are just the first in what is hoped will be a long line of treatment options for people with the deadly hepatitis C virus.
Hep C genotype 1 Protease inhibitors — Patients with genotype 1 are also treated with a protease inhibitor in addition to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Protease inhibitors became available in May 2011, so patients treated before to this time did not receive them.
Protease inhibitors do not work if taken by themselves because the virus quickly becomes resistant. By taking the protease inhibitors with peginterferon and ribavirin, resistance is much less likely. Protease inhibitors are pills and include boceprevir (brand name: VictrelisTM) and telaprevir (brand name: IncivekTM). These medications are used only for patients with genotype 1 and significantly increase cure rates in patients with genotype 1. Common side effects of protease inhibitors include low blood counts (anemia) and rashes.
other links:
B. Eukaryotic Parasites (Topic 11) - KNOW THE FOLLOWING about
each of the eukaryotic parasites we study... (WHY NOT MAKE FLASH
CARDS?!!!!)
IMPORTANT TERMS:
Definative host - the host where sexual reproduction takes place
Alternate host - the host where asexual reproduction takes place
Intermediate host - the host that serves as a reservoir of infection but not reproduction
IMPORTANT TERMS:
Definative host - the host where sexual reproduction takes place
Alternate host - the host where asexual reproduction takes place
Intermediate host - the host that serves as a reservoir of infection but not reproduction
(1) Scientific name as well as their major
"group classification" such as PROTIST or ANIMAL HELMINTH Roundworm,
Tissue roundworm, Flatworm/Fluke, etc.
(2) Common names
(3) Life cycles including Hosts/Vectors/Reservoir
of infection (a source of infection in animals "other" than a host
where parasite persist and maintain their ability to infect)...
(a) Alternate host
(asexual reproductive host)... if applicable
(b) Definitive host (sexual
reproductive host)... if applicable (NOTE: some
protist parasites have only one reported definitive host observation and
may be ONLY asexual - which? Look it up/read the PowerPoint or Attend
class lecture and see...)
(4) Vector (the "way" the parasite is
"brought" to humans - usually an insect)
(5) How does each parasite "hide" from
the human immune system (they are large!)
(6) Which "form" of the parasite's life
cycle does the most DAMAGE to us...
(7) What potential do we have to control the
parasite by treatments, vaccines, vector control or other means...
==========================================================
WE WELCOME YOU ALL TO DEVANSH HERBAL HEALTH CARE.
ReplyDeleteWe have Quality Rick Simpson Cannabis oil,all types of cancer cure,insomnia,glaucoma,hiv aids,back pain,we also have the herbs that reduces stress and other illness. We are selling our products at very negotiable and workable prices. Apart from our very magnificent prices, when you buy from us, you are assured of the highest quality and purity available in the market,and we are 100% sure of our product, with a guaranteed discreet courier shipping or a special 24 hours confidential overnight delivery of the product to your address. We respect and value your privacy and will dont share your information with anyone. We offer discreet and Reliable packaging and delivery. -Fast and reliable shipment within 24hours within the US and 48 hours internationally, using courier service. Call or Text::::: +1936-2283-155, Email: devanshherbalheathcare@gmail.com for more information
I am from Texas. I was in trouble when doctor told me that I have been diagnosed with HIV/aids… I though about my children and my husband, I know my children will face a serious problem when I’m gone, I lost hope and I wept all day, but one day I was surfing the internet I found Dr. melena’s contact number. I called her and she guided me. I asked her for solutions and she started the remedies for my health. Thank God, now everything is fine, I’m cured by dr. melena anderson vaccine/cure, I’m very thankful to Dr. melena and very happy with my hubby and children. she also has cure/remedies for other disease like cancer, herpes, hepatitis, als e.t.c For more information on how to get cured contact HER on HER active email: dr.melena.anderson@gmail.com dr.melena.anderson@aol.com, read more on her Blog: http://andersonmelena.blogspot.it/2017/08/hivaids-vaccinecure-2017.html
ReplyDeleteAs a sign of gratitude for how my husband was saved from hepatitis b, i decided to reach out to those still suffering from this.
ReplyDeleteMy husband was diagnosed of hepatitis b in 2013 and it was really tough and heartbreaking for me because he was my all and the symptoms were terrible, he always have Joint pain , and he always complain of Weakness of the body . we tried various therapies prescribed by our neurologist but none could cure him. I searched for a cure and i saw a testimony by someone who was cured and so many other with similar body problem, and he left the contact of the doctor who had the cure to hepatitis b. I never imagined hepatitis b has a natural cure not until i contacted him and he assured me my husband will be fine. I got the herbal medication he recommended and my husband used it and in one months he was fully okay even up till this moment he is so full of life. hepatitis b has a cure and it is a herbal cure contact the doctor for more info on drwilliams098675@gmail.com on how to get the medication. Thanks for reading my testimony.
I want to say a big thank you to Dr Akuna for giving me unspeakable joy, 13years ago i had Hepatitis B disease and it was a headache to me as my eyes turn yellow and after giving several tries in church and mosques and traditional homes and nothing worked out, i decide to surf online for possible cure for my ailment and to my great surprise i saw lots of people speaking of how Dr Akuna is using his herbal medicine to cure their diseases namely, HIV,CANCER,DIABETES,SARS,HEART DISEASE,BRONCHITIS AND MORE that cannot be wrote mentioned, and i also visited his website and i found out truly Dr Akuna has been helping a lot of people online, and i sent email to him and he replied back to me and i told me what and what is needed to get my herbal medicine and i gave him and without any delays i received my herbal medicine after using for 2weeks i went to test myself again and there was no trace of Hepatitis B disease in my blood again. to reach Dr Akuna Email:drakunasolutiontemple@gmail.com or Visit his web page : drakunasolutiontemple.com or Call him:+2348154625070 I'm sure he will be of help to your situation.
ReplyDeleteHiv disease for the last 3 years and had pain hard to eat and cough are nightmares,especially the first year At this stage, the immune system is severely weakened, and the risk of contracting opportunistic infections is much greater. However, not everyone with HIV will go on to develop AIDS. The earlier you receive treatment, the better your outcome will be.I started taking ARV to avoid early death but I had faith in God that i would be healed someday.As a Hiv patent we are advise to be taking antiretroviral treatments to reduce our chance of transmitting the virus to others , few weeks ago i came on search on the internet if i could get any information on Hiv treatment with herbal medicine, on my search i saw a testimony of someone who has been healed from Hiv her name was Achima Abelard and other Herpes Virus patent Tasha Moore also giving testimony about this same man,Called Dr Itua Herbal Center.I was moved by the testimony and i contacted him by his Email.drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com We chatted and he send me a bottle of herbal medicine I drank it as he instructed me to.After drinking it he ask me to go for a test that how i ended my suffering life of Hiv patent,I'm cured and free of Arv Pills.I'm forever grateful to him Drituaherbalcenter.Here his contact Number +2348149277967...He assure me he can cure the following disease..Hiv,Cancer,Herpes Virus,Epilepsy, fibromyalgia ,ALS,Hepatitis,Copd,Parkinson disease.Genetic disease,Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva,Factor V Leiden Mutation ,Fatal Familial Insomnia ,Dupuytren's disease,Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva,Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Syndrome,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Huntington's disease ,Diabetes,Fibroid...
ReplyDeleteI never believe doc. onokun is real until i give him a try to help me cure my hpv warts , I only apply the herbal medicine for just 2 weeks and i got cured permanently without any side effect. i'm giving out this testimony because of those who also need a help should contact him through his Email: Dronokunherbalcure@gmail.com or Whatsapp: +2349064844957
ReplyDeleteDo you need cure for HIV/AIDS, CANCER, HERPES, AND OTHER DEADLY disease. I recently got cured from Herpes simplex virus JUST CONTACT Dr Ariba on his email: Contact Call/ WhatsApp +2349034093028 OR EMAIL draribaherbs@gmail.com OR dr.ariba@aol.com
ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteI was thinking that Illuminati is not real, But today with Mr Albert I now believe that Illuminati is real, when you come across wrong person’s you will think that life is not real but when you are with the real one you will experience the goodness of your life, To MR Albert has made me discovered my purpose of life. Welcome to the great brotherhood of Illuminati 666: WhatsApp Mr Albert +1(206)4009418 OR EMAIL: illuminatiofficaltemple006@gmail.com .from , USA, and every other Country’s on how to join the Illuminati brotherhood to get rich and famous, You may be a politician, business man/woman ,musical artist, student, footballer or whatever occupation you do, you want to be rich, powerful and famous in life. Illuminati can grant all your heart desires join the Illuminati to become rich and famous in life, Illuminati will make you achieve your dream to become rich and protect you all the days of your life……
Here is a great herbal doctor who cured me of hepatitis B his name is Dr. Iyabiye. I suffered hepatitis B for 11 years, I was very weak with pains all over my body my stomach was swollen and I could hardly eat. And one day my brother came with a herbal medicine from doctor Iyabiye and asked me to drink and I drank hence there was no hope, and behold after 2 week of taking the medicine, I started feeling relief, my swollen stomach started shrinking down and the pains was gone. I became normal after the completion of the medication, I went to the hospital and I was tested negative which means I’m cured. You too can be safe if interested. Contact: iyabiyehealinghome@gmail.com Call/Whatsapp: +2348072229413
ReplyDeleteIrrespective of receiving daily oral or future injectable depot therapies, these require health care visits for medication and monitoring of safety and response. If patients are treated early enough, before a lot of immune system damage has occurred, life expectancy is close to normal, as long as they remain on successful treatment. However, when patients stop therapy, virus rebounds to high levels in most patients, sometimes associated with severe illness because i have gone through this and even an increased risk of death. The aim of “cure”is ongoing but i still do believe my government made millions of ARV drugs instead of finding a cure. for ongoing therapy and monitoring. ARV alone cannot cure HIV as among the cells that are infected are very long-living CD4 memory cells and possibly other cells that act as long-term reservoirs. HIV can hide in these cells without being detected by the body’s immune system. Therefore even when ART completely blocks subsequent rounds of infection of cells, reservoirs that have been infected before therapy initiation persist and from these reservoirs HIV rebounds if therapy is stopped. “Cure” could either mean an eradication cure, which means to completely rid the body of reservoir virus or a functional HIV cure, where HIV may remain in reservoir cells but rebound to high levels is prevented after therapy interruption.Dr Itua Herbal Medicine makes me believes there is a hope for people suffering from,Parkinson's disease,Schizophrenia,Cancer,Scoliosis,Fibromyalgia,Fluoroquinolone Toxicity
ReplyDeleteSyndrome Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva.Fatal Familial Insomnia Factor V Leiden Mutation ,Epilepsy Dupuytren's disease,Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor Diabetes ,Coeliac disease,Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease,Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Ataxia,Arthritis,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,Adrenocortical carcinoma.Asthma,Allergic diseases.Hiv_ Aids,Herpe ,Copd,Diabetes,Hepatitis,I read about him online how he cure Tasha and Tara so i contacted him on drituaherbalcenter@gmail.com even talked on whatsapps +2348149277967 believe me it was easy i drank his herbal medicine for two weeks and i was cured just like that isn't Dr Itua a wonder man? Yes he is! I thank him so much so i will advise if you are suffering from one of those diseases Pls do contact him he's a nice man.
HOW I GOT CURED OF HERPES VIRUS.
ReplyDeleteHello everyone out there, i am here to give my testimony about a herbalist called dr imoloa. i was infected with herpes simplex virus 2 in 2013, i went to many hospitals for cure but there was no solution, so i was thinking on how i can get a solution out so that my body can be okay. one day i was in the pool side browsing and thinking of where i can get a solution. i go through many website were i saw so many testimonies about dr imoloa on how he cured them. i did not believe but i decided to give him a try, i contacted him and he prepared the herpes for me which i recieved through DHL courier service. i took it for two weeks after then he instructed me to go for check up, after the test i was confirmed herpes negative. am so free and happy. so, if you have problem or you are infected with any disease kindly contact him on email--- drimolaherbalmademedicine@gmail.com. or / whatssapp --+2347081986098.
This testimony serve as an expression of my gratitude. he also have herbal cure for COLD SORE, SHINGLES, CANCER, HEPATITICS A, B. DIABETES 1/2, HIV/AIDS, CHRONIC PANCERATIC, CHLAMYDIA, ZIKA VIRUS, EMPHYSEMA, LOW SPERM COUNT, ENZYMA, COUGH, ULCER, ARTHRITIS, LEUKEMIA, LYME DISEASE, ASTHMA, IMPOTENCE, BARENESS/INFERTILITY, WEAK ERECTION, PENIS ENLARGEMENT. AND SO ON.
I want to share my testimony on how i get cure of my HERPES GENITAL with
ReplyDeletethe help of Doctor idahosa, i have being suffering for this disease for a
very long time now.i have try several means to get rid of of the (HERPES)
disease for the last five years and had constant pain, especially in my
knees. During the first year,I had faith in God that i would be healed
someday.This disease started circulate all over my body and i have been
taking treatment from my doctor, few weeks ago i came on search on the
internet if i could get any information concerning the prevention of this
disease, on my search i saw a testimony of someone who has been healed from
(Hepatitis B and Cancer) by this Man Dr idahosa and she also gave the email
address of this man and advise we should contact him for any sickness that
he would be of help, so i wrote to Dr idahosa telling him about my (HERPES
Virus) he told me not to worry that i was going to be cured!! hmm i never
believed it,, well after all the procedures and remedy given to me by this
man few weeks later i started experiencing changes all over me as the
Doctor assured me that i am cured,after some time i went to my doctor to
confirmed if i have be finally healed behold it was TRUE, So friends my
advise is if you have such sickness or any other at all you can email Dr
idahosa on { dridahosasolutioncenter@gmail.com } sir i am indeed grateful
for the help i will forever recommend you to my friends and to share this
to every one that have any of this sickness you can call his whatssAp via
+2348134261542
I want to write a little testimony about the good work of doctor ehiaguna who cured me from Hsv 1 and 2 for just 2 week with his herbal medicine, I never believe I can be normal again and have a good life like others I always regretted the day I got diagnose with the virus, I was lost of hope when my doctor told me there is no cure for it but I keep thinking and thinking about my future, if I can have kids of my own well I am so grateful for my helper who get me cured with his herbal medicine, I go online in search of anything that can help me because I can’t deal with it forever so I found this doc ehiaguna email on a blog of someone who was cured by him I quickly contact him for help and explain all my pain to him, he told me not to worry about it there is cure for real, I never believe until he send me the herbal medicine when I order for it and I have it within 4 days that is how I took the medicine for 2 week and the following week I go for test just to confirm I was 100% cured from this sickness what a miracle in my life I am so happy right now, you can also get in contact with him if you have such sickness through drehiaguna@gmail.com and also WhatsApp him +2348073908953... And He also have herbs medicine to cured the following diseases; eczema,urethra wart,chronic problems.Herpes, Cancer, Als,Hepatitis, Diabetes, HPV,Infections,ulcer ETC
ReplyDeleteI'm so exited to share my testimonies about the Good Work of Dr.Ehiaguna who get me cured from herpes simplex virus (HSV1&2) with his herbs, I never thought that I will live on earth before the year runs out. I have been suffering from herpes, I had spent a lot of money going from one Hospital to another looking for way to get rid of this disease, the hospital have been my home everyday residence. Constant checks up have been my hobby not until this faithful day, I was searchingthrough the internet, I saw a testimony on how Dr. Ehiaguna helped someone in curing his herpes disease using his healingHerbs, quickly I copied his email just to give him a try I spoke to him, he told me that he is going to provide the herbal cure to me, which hedid, after i receive his herbs and i take it as instructed i was cure permanently from herpes my herpes disease was gone. so I decided to share my testimony, that nothing is impossible with God, God use a man to healed me. No matter what you are passing through, no matter how deadly the sickness is and no matter what the situation is God that did mine is still going to do yours, people suffering from herpes, brain tumor, kidney disease, pcos, AIDS, ALS,copd, asthma, athritis,herpes, Cancer,Hpv, any kind of disease, you can reach him now via ? Gmail address: drehiaguna@gmail.com or whatsapp +2348073908953 and you will be the next to testify of his great work.
ReplyDeleteI'm so exited to share my testimonies about the Good Work of Dr.Ehiaguna who get me cured from herpes simplex virus (HSV1&2) with his herbs, I never thought that I will live on earth before the year runs out. I have been suffering from herpes, I had spent a lot of money going from one Hospital to another looking for way to get rid of this disease, the hospital have been my home everyday residence. Constant checks up have been my hobby not until this faithful day, I was searchingthrough the internet, I saw a testimony on how Dr. Ehiaguna helped someone in curing his herpes disease using his healingHerbs, quickly I copied his email just to give him a try I spoke to him, he told me that he is going to provide the herbal cure to me, which hedid, after i receive his herbs and i take it as instructed i was cure permanently from herpes my herpes disease was gone. so I decided to share my testimony, that nothing is impossible with God, God use a man to healed me. No matter what you are passing through, no matter how deadly the sickness is and no matter what the situation is God that did mine is still going to do yours, people suffering from herpes, brain tumor, kidney disease, pcos, AIDS, ALS,copd, asthma, athritis,herpes, Cancer,Hpv, any kind of disease, you can reach him now via ? Gmail address: drehiaguna@gmail.com or whatsapp +2348073908953 and you will be the next to testify of his great work.
ReplyDeleteFINALLY FREE FROM HERPES VIRUSI thought my life had nothing to offer anymore because lifebecame meaningless to me because I had Herpes virus, thesymptoms became very severe and bold and made my familyrun from and abandoned me so they won't get infected. I gaveup everything, my hope, dreams,vision and job because thedoctor told me there's no cure. I consumed so many drugs butthey never cured me but hid the symptoms inside me makingit worse. I was doing some research online someday when Icame across testimonies of some people of how DR Ebhotacured them from Herpes, I never believed at first and thoughtit was a joke but later decided to contact him on the detailsprovided and when I messaged him we talked and he sent mehis herbal medicine and told me to go for a test after twoweeks. Within 7 days of medication the symptomsdisappeared and when I went for a test Lo and behold I wasNEGATIVE by the Doctor Who tested me earlier. Thank you DREbhota because I forever owe you my life and I'll keep ontelling the world about you. If you are going through samesituation worry no more and contact DR Ebhota viadrebhotasolution@gmail. com or WhatsApp him via +2348089535482.he also special on cureing 1. HIV/AIDS2. HERPES 3. CANCER 4.ALS 5. HEPATITIS B 6.DIABETES 7. HUMAN PAPILOMA VIRUS DISEASE(HPV)8. ALZHEIMER 9. LUPUS (Lupus Vulgaris or LupusErythematos
ReplyDeleteI Never believed i was ever going to be HSV FREE again, DR.Ehiaguna has given me reasons to be happy, i was HSV positive for 2 years and all the means and medicine i tried for treatment was not helpful to me, but when i came on the Internet i saw great testimony about DR.Ehiaguna on how he was able to cure someone from HSV 2, this person said great things about this man, and advice we contact him for any Disease problem that DR.Ehiaguna can be of help, well i decided to give him a try, he requested for my information which i sent to him, and he told me he was going to prepare for me a healing portion, which he wanted me to take for days, and after which i should go back to the hospital for check up, well after taking all the treatment sent to me by DR.Ehiahuna , i went back to the Hospital for check up, and now i have been confirmed HSV NEGATIVE, friends you can reach DR.Ehiaguna on any treatment of any Disease cos i saw many testimony of different disease like, HEPATITIS,HIV AIDS,EPILEPSY, CANCER,CFS he is the one only one i can show you all up to, reach him on drehiaguna@gmail.com or whatsApp him now +2348073908953. quick contact him for help and you can just quickly drop your number on your first mail as i did for easily conversation
ReplyDeleteI Never believed i was ever going to be HSV FREE again, DR.Ehiaguna has given me reasons to be happy, i was HSV positive for 2 years and all the means and medicine i tried for treatment was not helpful to me, but when i came on the Internet i saw great testimony about DR.Ehiaguna on how he was able to cure someone from HSV 2, this person said great things about this man, and advice we contact him for any Disease problem that DR.Ehiaguna can be of help, well i decided to give him a try, he requested for my information which i sent to him, and he told me he was going to prepare for me a healing portion, which he wanted me to take for days, and after which i should go back to the hospital for check up, well after taking all the treatment sent to me by DR.Ehiahuna , i went back to the Hospital for check up, and now i have been confirmed HSV NEGATIVE, friends you can reach DR.Ehiaguna on any treatment of any Disease cos i saw many testimony of different disease like, HEPATITIS,HIV AIDS,EPILEPSY, CANCER,CFS he is the one only one i can show you all up to, reach him on drehiaguna@gmail.com or whatsApp him now +2348073908953. quick contact him for help and you can just quickly drop your number on your first mail as i did for easily conversation
ReplyDeleteThere are some natural remedies that can be used in the prevention and eliminate diabetes totally. However, the single most important aspect of a diabetes control plan is adopting a wholesome life style Inner Peace, Nutritious and Healthy Diet, and Regular Physical Exercise. A state of inner peace and self-contentment is essential to enjoying a good physical health and overall well-being. The inner peace and self contentment is a just a state of mind.People with diabetes diseases often use complementary and alternative medicine. I diagnosed diabetes in 2010. Was at work feeling unusually tired and sleepy. I borrowed a cyclometer from a co-worker and tested at 760. Went immediately to my doctor and he gave me prescriptions like: Insulin ,Sulfonamides,Thiazolidinediones but Could not get the cure rather to reduce the pain but bring back the pain again. i found a woman testimony name Comfort online how Dr Akhigbe cure her HIV and I also contacted the doctor and after I took his medication as instructed, I am now completely free from diabetes by doctor Akhigbe herbal medicine.So diabetes patients reading this testimony to contact his email drrealakhigbe@gmail.com or his Number +2348142454860 He also use his herbal herbs to diseases like:SPIDER BITE, SCHIZOPHRENIA, LUPUS,EXTERNAL INFECTION, COMMON COLD, JOINT PAIN, EPILEPSY,STROKE,TUBERCULOSIS ,STOMACH DISEASE. ECZEMA, PROGENITOR, EATING DISORDER, LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTION, DIABETICS,HERPES,HIV/AIDS, ;ALS, CANCER , MENINGITIS,HEPATITIS A AND B,ASTHMA, HEART DISEASE, CHRONIC DISEASE. NAUSEA VOMITING OR DIARRHEA,KIDNEY DISEASE. HEARING LOSSDr Akhigbe is a good man and he heal anybody that comes to him. here is email drrealakhigbe@gmail.com and his Number +2349010754824
ReplyDeleteThere is a safe & effective Natural Herbal Medicine. For Total Cure Call +2348025012866, or email him drrealakhigbe@gmail.com For an Appointment with (Dr.) AKHIGBE contact him. Treatment with Natural Herbal Cure. For:Dengue Fever, Malaria. Painful or Irregular Menstruation. HIV/Aids. Diabetics. Vaginal Infections. Vaginal Discharge. Itching Of the Private Part. Breast Infection. Discharge from Breast. Breast Pain & Itching. Lower Abdominal Pain. No Periods or Periods Suddenly Stop. Women Sexual Problems. High Blood Pressure Chronic Disease. Pain during Sex inside the Pelvis. Pain during Urination. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, (PID). Dripping Of Sperm from the Vagina As Well As for Low sperm count. Parkinson disease. Obesity, Lupus. Soreness/Injury Cancer. Tuberculosis. Zero sperm count. Bacteria, Impotence Fertility,Protoplasmic, Diarrhea. Hepatitis A&B, Rabies. Asthma. Quick Ejaculation. Gallstone, Cystic Fibrosis, Schizophrenia, Crubs, Cirrhosis, Premature Ejaculation. Herpes. Joint Pain. Stroke. Cornelia Disease, Weak Erection. Ovarian problem, HeartBurn, Erysipelas, Thyroid, Relapsing polychondritis, Discharge from Penis. Bronchial Problem, HPV. Hepatitis A and B. STD. Smallpox, Staphylococcus + Gonorrhea + Syphilis. Heart Disease. Pile-Hemorrhoid.rheumatism, Impotence, thyroid, Autism, Depression, Sepsis Bacteria, Penis enlargement, Prostate Problem, Waist & Back Pain. Male Infertility and Female Infertility. Etc. Take Action Now. contact him & Order for your Natural Herbal Medicine: +2348025012866 and email him drrealakhigbe@gmail.com Note For an Appointment with (Dr.) AKHIGBE.I suffered in Cancer for a year and three months dying in pain and full of heartbreak. One day I was searching through the internet and I came across a testimony of herpes cure by doctor Akhigbe. So I contacted him to try my luck, we talked and he sent me the medicine through courier service and with instructions on how to be drinking it.To my greatest surprise drinking the herbal medicine within three weeks I got the changes and I was cured totally. I don't really know how it happens but there is power in Dr Akhigbe herbal medicine. He is a good herbalist doctor.
ReplyDeleteMY DAUGHTER CANCER HEALING TESTIMONEY
ReplyDeleteHi everyone, this is good news, a perfect and greats one. My daughter of
17years who has suffered of Colon Cancer Stage for 2 and half years has been
cure by a Herbal doctor called Dr voodoo, who uses herbal and traditional
medicine to cure people. I have spent so much on my daughter's health for
years but no improvement. A friend told me about this herbal man who cure
people with herbal medicine. he cures all sickness, diseases, viruses, and
infections with his different herbal curing medicine.The result that
declares my daughter janet healed was from a hospital here in USA, And the
results of the test says my daughter was okay. Dr voodoo directed that
janet would be heal in 7days if she uses the medicine as directed. And
7days later, we went to confirm from the central hospital and several test
that was done says my daughter is not sick or anything. So she was cured by
this herbal doctor in 7days. This amaze me though. I would advice everyone
to meet this Dr voodoo his email is voodoospelltemple66@gmail.com
for his herbal medicine to cure your illness because am happy to see my
daughter healthy again.Meet Dr voodoo and set yourself and your love ones
will free you can also add Dr voodoo on whatsApp +2348140120719
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant
ReplyDeletecure. I've seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful
work they have done in people's lives. i read people's testimonies online
on how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics etc by Dr. voodoo herbal
medicine, so i decided to contact the doctor because i know nature has the
power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with HIV for the past 7 years but
Dr. voodoo cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband
to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but to God
be the glory, they were cured too .I know is hard to believe but am a
living testimony. There is no harm trying herbs. He is also a spell caster,
he cast spell to restore broken marriages and he cast good luck spells to
prosper and excel in life. Contact Dr voodoo on Whatsapp or call him
+2348140120719 OR email him voodoospelltemple66@gmail.com
I was diagnosed as HEPATITIS B carrier in 2013 with fibrosis of the
ReplyDeleteliver already present. I started on antiviral medications which
reduced the viral load initially. After a couple of years the virus
became resistant. I started on HEPATITIS B Herbal treatment from
ULTIMATE LIFE CLINIC (www.ultimatelifeclinic.com) in March, 2020. Their
treatment totally reversed the virus. I did another blood test after
the 6 months long treatment and tested negative to the virus. Amazing
treatment! This treatment is a breakthrough for all HBV carriers.
Hello views, I am so excited to share this wonderful story here .
ReplyDeleteI was diagnosed with herpes virus and I was told there was no cure except medication that can control it, I totally lost hope, all I could think was losing my life because I was so depressed and confused about the whole situation , few weeks ago I read about Dr Oso online how he cured someone from cancer which was guaranteed, but i never still believe on it but i decided to give a try on him so I ordered the medicine after using it for few days i started experiencing changes all over me so i waited until i finish using the medication, so after everything I went for blood test to confirm if i am really healed from this virus to my greatest surprise it came out negative i jump up and shattered oh my goodness what a wonderful miracle i never believed in . I am so excited to share my testimony. Thank you so much Dr Oso . You are a great man. I must tell everyone I know who has any kind of disease or virus. you can also email him on via drosohaberhome@gmail.com or Call/WhatsApp +2348162084839
you can check on Dr oso site : https://sites.google.com/view/drosohaberhome/
you can also contact me for more info about Dr Oso faceynancy1@gmail.com